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Circles of latitude between the 35th parallel north and the 40th parallel north

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Following are circles of latitude between the 35th parallel north and the 40th parallel north:

36th parallel north

[edit]
Line across the Earth
36°
36th parallel north

The 36th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 36 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean. In the ancient Mediterranean world, its role for navigation and geography was similar to that played by the Equator today.[1]

From 7 April 1991 to 31 December 1996, the parallel defined the limit of the northern no-fly zone in Iraq.[2]

At this latitude the sun is visible for 14 hours, 36 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 43 minutes during the winter solstice.[3]

United States

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In the United States, the 36th parallel north is occasionally used as a rough northern boundary for the Sun Belt, a region spanning most Southern and Southwestern states and comprising most of the nation's warmest climates.

Cities and landmarks close to the parallel include the following: Kettleman City, California; Henderson, Nevada; Hoover Dam; South Rim of the Grand Canyon; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tulsa, Oklahoma (passing through the southern portion of the city); Nashville, Tennessee (passing through the southern portion of the city); Knoxville, Tennessee; Winston-Salem, North Carolina; High Point, North Carolina; Greensboro, North Carolina; Durham, North Carolina; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and others. The parallel helped define the North Carolina–Tennessee–Virginia Corners.

The sixth standard parallel south of Mount Diablo Range at 35°48′ north, 13.8344 miles south of the 36th parallel, forms a continuous boundary between the California counties of Monterey, Kings, Tulare, and Inyo on the north and the counties of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino on the south.[4] It is sometimes taken as the boundary between Central California and Southern California.[5]

The parallel 36° north approximately forms the southernmost boundary of the Missouri Bootheel with the State of Arkansas.

The 36th parallel passes through Duke University in several places. Its Campus Drive that connects the campuses crosses the parallel several times.[citation needed] The Duke Gardens has a "36th Parallel Club" although the garden itself is just north of the parallel.[citation needed]

Around the world

[edit]

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 36° north passes through:

Coordinates Country, territory or sea Notes
36°0′N 0°0′E / 36.000°N 0.000°E / 36.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian) Mediterranean Sea
36°0′N 0°7′E / 36.000°N 0.117°E / 36.000; 0.117 (Algeria)  Algeria Passing through Mostaganem
36°0′N 8°18′E / 36.000°N 8.300°E / 36.000; 8.300 (Tunisia)  Tunisia
36°0′N 10°31′E / 36.000°N 10.517°E / 36.000; 10.517 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Passing just north of the island of Linosa,  Italy
Passing between the islands of Comino and Malta,  Malta
36°0′N 23°10′E / 36.000°N 23.167°E / 36.000; 23.167 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea Passing between the islands of Kythira and Antikythera,  Greece
Passing just north of Saria Island,  Greece
36°0′N 27°45′E / 36.000°N 27.750°E / 36.000; 27.750 (Greece)  Greece Island of Rhodes
36°0′N 27°55′E / 36.000°N 27.917°E / 36.000; 27.917 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea
36°0′N 35°59′E / 36.000°N 35.983°E / 36.000; 35.983 (Turkey)  Turkey Hatay Province
36°0′N 36°22′E / 36.000°N 36.367°E / 36.000; 36.367 (Syria)  Syria Passing just north of Raqqa
36°0′N 41°17′E / 36.000°N 41.283°E / 36.000; 41.283 (Iraq)  Iraq
36°0′N 45°21′E / 36.000°N 45.350°E / 36.000; 45.350 (Iran)  Iran
36°0′N 61°10′E / 36.000°N 61.167°E / 36.000; 61.167 (Turkmenistan)  Turkmenistan
36°0′N 63°49′E / 36.000°N 63.817°E / 36.000; 63.817 (Afghanistan)  Afghanistan
36°0′N 71°15′E / 36.000°N 71.250°E / 36.000; 71.250 (Pakistan)  Pakistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Gilgit-Baltistan - claimed by  India
36°0′N 76°6′E / 36.000°N 76.100°E / 36.000; 76.100 (Shaksgam Valley) Shaksgam Valley Area administered by  People's Republic of China, claimed by  India
36°0′N 76°48′E / 36.000°N 76.800°E / 36.000; 76.800 (China)  People's Republic of China Xinjiang
Tibet
Qinghai
Gansu — passing just south of Lanzhou
Ningxia
Gansu
Shaanxi
Shanxi
Henan
Shandong
Henan (for about 15 km (9.3 mi))
Shandong — passing just south of Qingdao
36°0′N 120°18′E / 36.000°N 120.300°E / 36.000; 120.300 (Yellow Sea) Yellow Sea
36°0′N 126°42′E / 36.000°N 126.700°E / 36.000; 126.700 (South Korea)  South Korea South Chungcheong Province - North Jeolla Province Border, Passing just north of Gunsan, Iksan
North Jeolla Province-North Chungcheong Province-North Gyeongsang Province Border
North Gyeongsang Province - Passing just south of Gumi
passing just north of Daegu-Palgong Mountain
North Gyeongsang Province- Passing through Pohang
36°0′N 129°35′E / 36.000°N 129.583°E / 36.000; 129.583 (Sea of Japan) Sea of Japan
36°0′N 133°1′E / 36.000°N 133.017°E / 36.000; 133.017 (Japan)  Japan Island of Chiburi-shima:
Shimane Prefecture
36°0′N 133°4′E / 36.000°N 133.067°E / 36.000; 133.067 (Sea of Japan) Sea of Japan
36°0′N 135°58′E / 36.000°N 135.967°E / 36.000; 135.967 (Japan)  Japan Island of Honshū:
Fukui Prefecture
Gifu Prefecture
Nagano Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture − for about 4 km (2.5 mi)
Saitama Prefecture
Chiba Prefecture − for about 6 km (3.7 mi)
Ibaraki Prefecture
36°0′N 140°40′E / 36.000°N 140.667°E / 36.000; 140.667 (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean
36°0′N 121°30′W / 36.000°N 121.500°W / 36.000; -121.500 (United States)  United States California
Nevada - Just South Of Las Vegas
Arizona
New Mexico
Texas
Oklahoma
Arkansas
Missouri / Arkansas border (approximate)
Tennessee
North Carolina (Madison County, for about 14 km (8.7 mi))
Tennessee (Unicoi County, for about 12 km (7.5 mi))
North Carolina
36°0′N 75°39′W / 36.000°N 75.650°W / 36.000; -75.650 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean
36°0′N 5°36′W / 36.000°N 5.600°W / 36.000; -5.600 (Strait of Gibraltar) Strait of Gibraltar Passing 2 m (6.6 ft) south of Punta de Tarifa,  Spain - the most southerly point of the European mainland
36°0′N 5°25′W / 36.000°N 5.417°W / 36.000; -5.417 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea

37th parallel north

[edit]
Line across the Earth
37°
37th parallel north

The 37th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 37 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude, the Sun is visible for 14 hours, 42 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 37 minutes during the winter solstice.[6]

The 37th parallel north is roughly the northern limit of the visibility of Canopus, the second-brightest star of the night sky. Along with the 37th parallel south, it is the latitude at which solar irradiance is closest to the planetary average,[7] with higher solar irradiance equatorward and lower poleward.

United States

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The 37th parallel defining borders between states in the United States.
Exit Point of the 37th Parallel North from the United States.

In the United States, the parallel defines the southern borders of Utah, Colorado, and Kansas, and the northern borders of Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. It dates to the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 when Congress divided Unorganized Territory into Kansas and Nebraska north of the 37th parallel and a remainder Indian Territory to the south. Before that, the line had been thought to be the boundary between the Cherokee and Osage reservations – the 2.46 miles (3.96 km) discrepancy resulting in the creation of the Cherokee Strip. Congress extended the line west to New Mexico Territory, thus defining which states and territories would constitute The South between the Colorado and Mississippi Rivers, and creating what later became the Oklahoma Panhandle.[8]

The parallel 37° north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.

U.S. Landmarks located on or in close proximity of the 37th parallel

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Around the world

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Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastward, the parallel 37° north passes through:

Coordinates Country, territory or sea Notes
37°0′N 0°0′E / 37.000°N 0.000°E / 37.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian) Mediterranean Sea
37°0′N 6°15′E / 37.000°N 6.250°E / 37.000; 6.250 (Algeria)  Algeria
37°0′N 6°34′E / 37.000°N 6.567°E / 37.000; 6.567 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea
37°0′N 7°15′E / 37.000°N 7.250°E / 37.000; 7.250 (Algeria)  Algeria
37°0′N 7°33′E / 37.000°N 7.550°E / 37.000; 7.550 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea
37°0′N 8°52′E / 37.000°N 8.867°E / 37.000; 8.867 (Tunisia)  Tunisia
37°0′N 10°11′E / 37.000°N 10.183°E / 37.000; 10.183 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Gulf of Tunis
37°0′N 10°53′E / 37.000°N 10.883°E / 37.000; 10.883 (Tunisia)  Tunisia Cap Bon
37°0′N 11°4′E / 37.000°N 11.067°E / 37.000; 11.067 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Strait of Sicily, passing just north of the island of Pantelleria,  Italy
37°0′N 14°20′E / 37.000°N 14.333°E / 37.000; 14.333 (Italy)  Italy Island of Sicily
Province of Ragusa
Province of Siracusa
37°0′N 15°16′E / 37.000°N 15.267°E / 37.000; 15.267 (Ionian Sea) Ionian Sea
37°0′N 21°39′E / 37.000°N 21.650°E / 37.000; 21.650 (Greece)  Greece Peloponnese (Messenia)
37°0′N 21°57′E / 37.000°N 21.950°E / 37.000; 21.950 (Ionian Sea) Ionian Sea Messenian Gulf
37°0′N 22°09′E / 37.000°N 22.150°E / 37.000; 22.150 (Greece)  Greece Peloponnese
Messenia
Laconia
37°0′N 23°0′E / 37.000°N 23.000°E / 37.000; 23.000 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea Myrtoan Sea
37°0′N 24°40′E / 37.000°N 24.667°E / 37.000; 24.667 (Greece)  Greece Island of Sifnos
37°0′N 24°44′E / 37.000°N 24.733°E / 37.000; 24.733 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea
37°0′N 25°1′E / 37.000°N 25.017°E / 37.000; 25.017 (Greece)  Greece Islands of Antiparos and Paros
37°0′N 25°13′E / 37.000°N 25.217°E / 37.000; 25.217 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea
37°0′N 25°23′E / 37.000°N 25.383°E / 37.000; 25.383 (Greece)  Greece Island of Naxos
37°0′N 25°34′E / 37.000°N 25.567°E / 37.000; 25.567 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea
37°0′N 26°26′E / 37.000°N 26.433°E / 37.000; 26.433 (Greece)  Greece Island of Levitha
37°0′N 26°30′E / 37.000°N 26.500°E / 37.000; 26.500 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea
37°0′N 26°55′E / 37.000°N 26.917°E / 37.000; 26.917 (Greece)  Greece Island of Kalymnos
37°0′N 27°3′E / 37.000°N 27.050°E / 37.000; 27.050 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea
37°0′N 27°15′E / 37.000°N 27.250°E / 37.000; 27.250 (Turkey)  Turkey
37°0′N 27°47′E / 37.000°N 27.783°E / 37.000; 27.783 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea
37°0′N 28°13′E / 37.000°N 28.217°E / 37.000; 28.217 (Turkey)  Turkey Passing through Adana and Nizip
37°0′N 40°25′E / 37.000°N 40.417°E / 37.000; 40.417 (Syria)  Syria
37°0′N 42°18′E / 37.000°N 42.300°E / 37.000; 42.300 (Iraq)  Iraq
37°0′N 44°16′E / 37.000°N 44.267°E / 37.000; 44.267 (Turkey)  Turkey Şemdinli district (for about 7 km (4.3 mi))
37°0′N 44°20′E / 37.000°N 44.333°E / 37.000; 44.333 (Iraq)  Iraq
37°0′N 44°54′E / 37.000°N 44.900°E / 37.000; 44.900 (Iran)  Iran
37°0′N 50°32′E / 37.000°N 50.533°E / 37.000; 50.533 (Caspian Sea) Caspian Sea
37°0′N 54°0′E / 37.000°N 54.000°E / 37.000; 54.000 (Iran)  Iran
37°0′N 60°3′E / 37.000°N 60.050°E / 37.000; 60.050 (Turkmenistan)  Turkmenistan
37°0′N 64°47′E / 37.000°N 64.783°E / 37.000; 64.783 (Afghanistan)  Afghanistan
37°0′N 67°56′E / 37.000°N 67.933°E / 37.000; 67.933 (Tajikistan)  Tajikistan
37°0′N 68°10′E / 37.000°N 68.167°E / 37.000; 68.167 (Afghanistan)  Afghanistan
37°0′N 71°28′E / 37.000°N 71.467°E / 37.000; 71.467 (Tajikistan)  Tajikistan
37°0′N 72°28′E / 37.000°N 72.467°E / 37.000; 72.467 (Afghanistan)  Afghanistan
37°0′N 74°34′E / 37.000°N 74.567°E / 37.000; 74.567 (Pakistan)  Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan - claimed by  India
37°0′N 74°50′E / 37.000°N 74.833°E / 37.000; 74.833 (China)  People's Republic of China Xinjiang - for about 14 km (8.7 mi)
37°0′N 75°0′E / 37.000°N 75.000°E / 37.000; 75.000 (Pakistan)  Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan - for about 14 km (8.7 mi), claimed by  India
37°0′N 75°9′E / 37.000°N 75.150°E / 37.000; 75.150 (China)  People's Republic of China Xinjiang
Qinghai
Gansu
Ningxia
Gansu
Shaanxi
Shanxi
Hebei
Shandong - Passing through Yantai
37°0′N 122°32′E / 37.000°N 122.533°E / 37.000; 122.533 (Yellow Sea) Yellow Sea Asan Bay
37°0′N 126°20′E / 37.000°N 126.333°E / 37.000; 126.333 (South Korea)  South Korea South Chungcheong Province
Gyeonggi Province - passing through Pyeongtaek, Anseong
North Chungcheong Province - passing just north of Chungju
North Gyeongsang Province
37°0′N 129°25′E / 37.000°N 129.417°E / 37.000; 129.417 (Sea of Japan) Sea of Japan
37°0′N 136°46′E / 37.000°N 136.767°E / 37.000; 136.767 (Japan)  Japan Island of Honshū:
Ishikawa Prefecture
37°0′N 137°3′E / 37.000°N 137.050°E / 37.000; 137.050 (Sea of Japan) Sea of Japan Toyama Bay
37°0′N 137°42′E / 37.000°N 137.700°E / 37.000; 137.700 (Japan)  Japan Island of Honshū:
Niigata Prefecture
Nagano Prefecture
— Niigata Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture − for around 10 km (6.2 mi)
— Niigata Prefecture − for around 7 km (4.3 mi)
Fukushima Prefecture
Tochigi Prefecture
Ibaraki Prefecture
— Fukushima Prefecture
37°0′N 140°59′E / 37.000°N 140.983°E / 37.000; 140.983 (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean
37°0′N 122°11′W / 37.000°N 122.183°W / 37.000; -122.183 (United States)  United States California - landfall at Bonny Doon Beach just north of Santa Cruz and falling in Fresno
Nevada - Falling South of Alamo and Gold Point
Utah / Arizona border
Colorado / New Mexico border
Colorado / Oklahoma border
Kansas / Oklahoma border
Missouri
Illinois (at its southernmost point)
Kentucky - passing through Bowling Green and just south of Paducah
Virginia - passing through Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel (specifically, the bridge between the two tunnels)
37°0′N 76°18′W / 37.000°N 76.300°W / 37.000; -76.300 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean
37°0′N 25°10′W / 37.000°N 25.167°W / 37.000; -25.167 (Portugal)  Portugal Santa Maria Island in the Azores
37°0′N 25°3′W / 37.000°N 25.050°W / 37.000; -25.050 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean
37°0′N 8°57′W / 37.000°N 8.950°W / 37.000; -8.950 (Portugal)  Portugal Sagres Point
37°0′N 8°56′W / 37.000°N 8.933°W / 37.000; -8.933 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean
37°0′N 7°59′W / 37.000°N 7.983°W / 37.000; -7.983 (Portugal)  Portugal Cape Santa Maria
37°0′N 7°50′W / 37.000°N 7.833°W / 37.000; -7.833 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean Gulf of Cádiz
37°0′N 6°32′W / 37.000°N 6.533°W / 37.000; -6.533 (Spain)  Spain
37°0′N 1°53′W / 37.000°N 1.883°W / 37.000; -1.883 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea

38th parallel north

[edit]
Line across the Earth
38°
38th parallel north

The 38th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 38 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. The 38th parallel north formed the border between North and South Korea prior to the Korean War.

At this latitude, the Sun is visible for 14 hours, 48 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 32 minutes during the winter solstice.[9]

Korea

[edit]
38th parallel north
Hangul
삼팔선
Hanja
三八線
Revised RomanizationSampalseon
McCune–ReischauerSamp'alsŏn
The Korean Peninsula first divided along the 38th parallel, later along the demarcation line

Japan had ruled the Korean Peninsula between 1910 and 1945. When Japan surrendered in August 1945, the 38th parallel was established as the boundary between Soviet and American occupation zones. This parallel divided the Korean peninsula roughly in the middle. In 1948, this parallel became the boundary between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea), both of which claim to be the government of the whole of Korea. On 25 June 1950, after a series of cross-border raids and gunfire from both the Northern and the Southern sides, the North Korean Army crossed the 38th parallel and invaded South Korea. This sparked United Nations Security Council Resolution 82 which called for the North to return its troops to behind the 38th parallel, commencing the Korean War with United Nations troops (mostly American) helping South Korean troops to defend South Korea.[10]

After the Armistice agreement was signed on July 27, 1953, a new line was established to separate North Korea and South Korea. This Military Demarcation Line is surrounded by a Demilitarized Zone. The demarcation line crosses the 38th parallel, from the southwest to the northeast.

Around the world

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Starting at the Prime Meridian heading eastward, the 38th parallel north passes through:

Coordinates Country, territory or sea Notes
38°0′N 0°0′E / 38.000°N 0.000°E / 38.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian) Mediterranean Sea Passing just north of the island of Marettimo,  Italy (at 37°59′43″N 12°1′47″E / 37.99528°N 12.02972°E / 37.99528; 12.02972 (Marettimo))
38°0′N 12°19′E / 38.000°N 12.317°E / 38.000; 12.317 (Italy)  Italy Islands of Levanzo and Sicily
38°0′N 15°25′E / 38.000°N 15.417°E / 38.000; 15.417 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Strait of Messina
38°0′N 15°38′E / 38.000°N 15.633°E / 38.000; 15.633 (Italy)  Italy Passing through Reggio di Calabria (southern suburbs)
38°0′N 16°8′E / 38.000°N 16.133°E / 38.000; 16.133 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Ionian Sea - passing between the islands of Kefalonia (at 38°4′N 20°43′E / 38.067°N 20.717°E / 38.067; 20.717 (Kefalonia)) and Zakynthos (at 37°56′N 20°42′E / 37.933°N 20.700°E / 37.933; 20.700 (Zakynthos)),  Greece
38°0′N 21°16′E / 38.000°N 21.267°E / 38.000; 21.267 (Greece)  Greece Passing through Athens
38°0′N 24°2′E / 38.000°N 24.033°E / 38.000; 24.033 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea
38°0′N 24°14′E / 38.000°N 24.233°E / 38.000; 24.233 (Greece)  Greece Islands of Petalioi and Euboea
38°0′N 24°34′E / 38.000°N 24.567°E / 38.000; 24.567 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea Passing just north of the island of Andros (at 37°59′57″N 24°47′23″E / 37.99917°N 24.78972°E / 37.99917; 24.78972 (Andros)),  Greece
38°0′N 27°7′E / 38.000°N 27.117°E / 38.000; 27.117 (Turkey)  Turkey Passing through Konya, Niğde and İzmir (southern suburbs)
38°0′N 44°17′E / 38.000°N 44.283°E / 38.000; 44.283 (Iran)  Iran Passing just south of Tabriz
38°0′N 48°55′E / 38.000°N 48.917°E / 38.000; 48.917 (Caspian Sea) Caspian Sea
38°0′N 53°49′E / 38.000°N 53.817°E / 38.000; 53.817 (Turkmenistan)  Turkmenistan
38°0′N 55°17′E / 38.000°N 55.283°E / 38.000; 55.283 (Iran)  Iran
38°0′N 57°22′E / 38.000°N 57.367°E / 38.000; 57.367 (Turkmenistan)  Turkmenistan Passing just north of Ashgabat
38°0′N 66°38′E / 38.000°N 66.633°E / 38.000; 66.633 (Uzbekistan)  Uzbekistan
38°0′N 68°17′E / 38.000°N 68.283°E / 38.000; 68.283 (Tajikistan)  Tajikistan
38°0′N 70°19′E / 38.000°N 70.317°E / 38.000; 70.317 (Afghanistan)  Afghanistan
38°0′N 71°16′E / 38.000°N 71.267°E / 38.000; 71.267 (Tajikistan)  Tajikistan
38°0′N 74°54′E / 38.000°N 74.900°E / 38.000; 74.900 (China)  People's Republic of China Xinjiang
Qinghai
Gansu
Inner Mongolia
Ningxia
Inner Mongolia
Shaanxi − for around 5 km (3.1 mi)
Inner Mongolia − for around 14 km (8.7 mi)
Shaanxi
Shanxi — passing just north of Taiyuan
Hebei — passing just south of Shijiazhuang
Shandong
38°0′N 118°58′E / 38.000°N 118.967°E / 38.000; 118.967 (Yellow Sea) Yellow Sea Passing just north of Baengnyeongdo (at 37°59′N 124°41′E / 37.983°N 124.683°E / 37.983; 124.683 (Baengnyeongdo)),  South Korea
38°0′N 125°7′E / 38.000°N 125.117°E / 38.000; 125.117 (North Korea)  North Korea Ongjin PeninsulaSouth Hwanghae Province
38°0′N 125°35′E / 38.000°N 125.583°E / 38.000; 125.583 (Yellow Sea) Yellow Sea Ongjin Bay
38°0′N 125°46′E / 38.000°N 125.767°E / 38.000; 125.767 (North Korea)  North Korea South Hwanghae Province
passing just south of Haeju
North Hwanghae Province
passing just north of Kaesong
38°0′N 126°49′E / 38.000°N 126.817°E / 38.000; 126.817 (South Korea)  South Korea Gyeonggi Province- Passing through Paju, Yeoncheon County, Pocheon, Gapyeong County
Gangwon Province - Passing through Hwacheon County, Chuncheon, (passing just north of Soyang Reservoir), Inje County, Yangyang County
38°0′N 128°44′E / 38.000°N 128.733°E / 38.000; 128.733 (Sea of Japan) Sea of Japan
38°0′N 138°14′E / 38.000°N 138.233°E / 38.000; 138.233 (Japan)  Japan Island of Sado:
Niigata Prefecture
38°0′N 138°33′E / 38.000°N 138.550°E / 38.000; 138.550 (Sea of Japan) Sea of Japan
38°0′N 139°14′E / 38.000°N 139.233°E / 38.000; 139.233 (Japan)  Japan Island of Honshū:
— Niigata Prefecture
Passing just north of Niigata City
Yamagata Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture
38°0′N 140°55′E / 38.000°N 140.917°E / 38.000; 140.917 (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean
38°0′N 123°1′W / 38.000°N 123.017°W / 38.000; -123.017 (United States)  United States California - passing through Pinole and Stockton With Sacramento a little to the north
Nevada - passing just south of Tonopah
Utah - passing through Capitol Reef and Canyonlands National Parks
Colorado - passing through Ouray, and then just south of Pueblo
Kansas - passing just south of Newton
Missouri - passing through Camdenton and just north of Rolla
Illinois - passing just south of Mount Vernon
Indiana - passing through Evansville
Kentucky - passing through Lexington
West Virginia - passing just north of Beckley
Virginia - passing just south of Charlottesville
38°0′N 76°28′W / 38.000°N 76.467°W / 38.000; -76.467 (Chesapeake Bay) Chesapeake Bay
38°0′N 75°53′W / 38.000°N 75.883°W / 38.000; -75.883 (United States)  United States Maryland - passing just north of Smith Island and Crisfield
Virginia - passing just north of Chincoteague
38°0′N 75°16′W / 38.000°N 75.267°W / 38.000; -75.267 (Pacific Ocean) Atlantic Ocean Passing between Pico (at 38°23′N 28°14′W / 38.383°N 28.233°W / 38.383; -28.233 (Pico)) and São Miguel (at 37°55′N 25°47′W / 37.917°N 25.783°W / 37.917; -25.783 (São Miguel)) islands, Azores,  Portugal
38°0′N 8°51′W / 38.000°N 8.850°W / 38.000; -8.850 (Portugal)  Portugal Setúbal District
Beja District - passing just south of Beja
38°0′N 7°12′W / 38.000°N 7.200°W / 38.000; -7.200 (Spain)  Spain Andalusia
Extremadura
Region of Murcia - passing just north of Murcia
Valencian Community
38°0′N 0°39′W / 38.000°N 0.650°W / 38.000; -0.650 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea

39th parallel north

[edit]
Line across the Earth
39°
39th parallel north

The 39th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude the sun is visible for 14 hours, 54 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 26 minutes during the winter solstice.[11]

Daylight along the 39th parallel north falls under 10 hours a day starting on 18 November and returns to over ten hours a day beginning 24 January. The growth of crops and other plants is considerably slowed during this period of reduced sunlight.[citation needed]

In the United States, the eastern boundary of the state of California was defined as following the 120th meridian west south from the 42nd parallel north to its intersection with the 39th parallel north, beyond which it follows a diagonal line to where the Colorado River crosses the 35th parallel north.[12] The intersection of the 120th meridian and 39th parallel is in Lake Tahoe.

Around the world

[edit]

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 39° north passes through:

Coordinates Country, territory or sea Notes
39°0′N 0°0′E / 39.000°N 0.000°E / 39.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian) Mediterranean Sea
39°0′N 1°17′E / 39.000°N 1.283°E / 39.000; 1.283 (Spain)  Spain Island of Ibiza
39°0′N 1°35′E / 39.000°N 1.583°E / 39.000; 1.583 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Passing just south of the island of Cabrera,  Spain
39°0′N 8°23′E / 39.000°N 8.383°E / 39.000; 8.383 (Italy)  Italy Islands of Sant'Antioco and Sardinia
39°0′N 9°1′E / 39.000°N 9.017°E / 39.000; 9.017 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea - passing just north of the island of Stromboli,  Italy
39°0′N 16°8′E / 39.000°N 16.133°E / 39.000; 16.133 (Italy)  Italy
39°0′N 17°10′E / 39.000°N 17.167°E / 39.000; 17.167 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Ionian Sea
39°0′N 20°42′E / 39.000°N 20.700°E / 39.000; 20.700 (Greece)  Greece Mainland and island of Euboea
39°0′N 23°22′E / 39.000°N 23.367°E / 39.000; 23.367 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea Passing just north of the island of Skyros,  Greece
39°0′N 26°17′E / 39.000°N 26.283°E / 39.000; 26.283 (Greece)  Greece Island of Lesbos
39°0′N 26°32′E / 39.000°N 26.533°E / 39.000; 26.533 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea
39°0′N 26°48′E / 39.000°N 26.800°E / 39.000; 26.800 (Turkey)  Turkey
39°0′N 44°11′E / 39.000°N 44.183°E / 39.000; 44.183 (Iran)  Iran
39°0′N 45°26′E / 39.000°N 45.433°E / 39.000; 45.433 (Azerbaijan)  Azerbaijan Nakhchivan exclave
39°0′N 46°6′E / 39.000°N 46.100°E / 39.000; 46.100 (Armenia)  Armenia
39°0′N 46°31′E / 39.000°N 46.517°E / 39.000; 46.517 (Azerbaijan)  Azerbaijan
39°0′N 46°41′E / 39.000°N 46.683°E / 39.000; 46.683 (Iran)  Iran
39°0′N 48°21′E / 39.000°N 48.350°E / 39.000; 48.350 (Azerbaijan)  Azerbaijan
39°0′N 49°11′E / 39.000°N 49.183°E / 39.000; 49.183 (Caspian Sea) Caspian Sea
39°0′N 53°2′E / 39.000°N 53.033°E / 39.000; 53.033 (Turkmenistan)  Turkmenistan Island of Ogurja Ada
39°0′N 53°3′E / 39.000°N 53.050°E / 39.000; 53.050 (Caspian Sea) Caspian Sea
39°0′N 53°53′E / 39.000°N 53.883°E / 39.000; 53.883 (Turkmenistan)  Turkmenistan Passing just south of Türkmenabat
39°0′N 64°6′E / 39.000°N 64.100°E / 39.000; 64.100 (Uzbekistan)  Uzbekistan
39°0′N 68°7′E / 39.000°N 68.117°E / 39.000; 68.117 (Tajikistan)  Tajikistan
39°0′N 73°49′E / 39.000°N 73.817°E / 39.000; 73.817 (China)  People's Republic of China Xinjiang
Qinghai
Gansu
Qinghai
Gansu
Qinghai (for about 7 km)
Gansu (for about 30 km)
Qinghai (for about 17 km)
Gansu
Inner Mongolia (for about 16 km)
Gansu (for about 6 km)
Inner Mongolia
Gansu
Inner Mongolia
Ningxia
Inner Mongolia
Shaanxi
Shanxi
Hebei
Tianjin (just south of the city centre)
39°0′N 117°46′E / 39.000°N 117.767°E / 39.000; 117.767 (Yellow Sea) Yellow Sea Bohai Gulf
39°0′N 121°19′E / 39.000°N 121.317°E / 39.000; 121.317 (China)  People's Republic of China Liaoning (Liaodong Peninsula) — passing just north of Dalian
39°0′N 121°51′E / 39.000°N 121.850°E / 39.000; 121.850 (Yellow Sea) Yellow Sea Passing just south of Zhangzi Island and Haiyang Island
39°0′N 125°12′E / 39.000°N 125.200°E / 39.000; 125.200 (North Korea)  North Korea Pyongyang
39°0′N 127°50′E / 39.000°N 127.833°E / 39.000; 127.833 (Sea of Japan) Sea of Japan
39°0′N 139°51′E / 39.000°N 139.850°E / 39.000; 139.850 (Japan)  Japan Island of Honshū:
Yamagata Prefecture
Akita Prefecture
Iwate Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture − for about 1 km
— Iwate Prefecture
39°0′N 141°44′E / 39.000°N 141.733°E / 39.000; 141.733 (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean
39°0′N 123°42′W / 39.000°N 123.700°W / 39.000; -123.700 (United States)  United States California
Nevada - passing through Great Basin National Park
Utah
Colorado - passing just south of Grand Junction
Kansas - passing just south of Topeka
Missouri - passing just south of Kansas City
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky
Ohio - passing just south of Cincinnati
West Virginia
Virginia
Maryland - less than a mile north of District of Columbia at 39°0′N 77°2′W / 39.000°N 77.033°W / 39.000; -77.033 (Washington D.C.); cutting through the Chesapeake Bay Bridge at 39°0′N 76°22′W / 39.000°N 76.367°W / 39.000; -76.367 (Chesapeake Bay Bridge)
Delaware
39°0′N 75°20′W / 39.000°N 75.333°W / 39.000; -75.333 (Delaware Bay) Delaware Bay
39°0′N 74°57′W / 39.000°N 74.950°W / 39.000; -74.950 (United States)  United States New Jersey - passing through Cape May Airport
39°0′N 74°47′W / 39.000°N 74.783°W / 39.000; -74.783 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean Passing between the islands of Graciosa (almost crossing its southern tip) and São Jorge, Azores,  Portugal
39°0′N 9°25′W / 39.000°N 9.417°W / 39.000; -9.417 (Portugal)  Portugal Passing about 30km north of Lisbon
39°0′N 6°58′W / 39.000°N 6.967°W / 39.000; -6.967 (Spain)  Spain Passing through Ciudad Real and Albacete
39°0′N 0°9′W / 39.000°N 0.150°W / 39.000; -0.150 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea

40th parallel north

[edit]
Line across the Earth
40°
40th parallel north

The 40th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 40 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 1 minute and 28 seconds during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 20 minutes during the winter solstice.[13] On 21 June, the maximum altitude of the sun is 73.44 degrees, while it is 26.56 degrees on 21 December.[citation needed]

The maximum altitude of the Sun is > 35.00º in October and > 28.00º in November.

The 40th parallel north is the southern baseline for Canada's National Topographic System.

United States

[edit]
The 40th parallel defines the state line between Nebraska and Kansas
Survey marker on the Kansas/Nebraska state line

The parallel 40° north formed the boundary between the Kansas and Nebraska territories, as per the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. It remains the boundary between the modern states of Kansas and Nebraska.

The parallel 40° north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland. A subsequent royal grant gave the Colony of Pennsylvania land north of the 40th parallel but mistakenly assumed it would intersect the Twelve Mile Circle, which it does not. Pennsylvania's border was thus unclear and the colony pushed for a border far south of the 40th parallel. The Mason–Dixon Line was drawn between 1763 and 1767 as the compromise boundary between the overlapping claims of these two colonies.

40th parallel marker at Ohio State University (Columbus, Ohio)

The parallel 40° north passes through the cities of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Boulder, Colorado, and Columbus, Ohio; as well as northern suburbs of Indianapolis, Indiana and the southern suburbs of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The parallel goes directly through the John Glenn Columbus International Airport, with runway 10L-28R lying immediately north of the line, runway 10R-28L lying slightly south of it, and the line going through the northernmost edges of the terminal. It also passes through the main campus of The Ohio State University; specifically, it cuts directly across the Oval greenspace, between University Hall and the William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library. Ohio Stadium, one of the largest stadiums in the world, barely misses the parallel 40° north (6 seconds or 185 metres (607 ft) above 40° north).

Baseline Road in Boulder, Colorado, traces the parallel 40° north.

Thistle, Utah, a ghost town since 1983, is slightly (30 seconds or 956 metres (0.594 mi)) below 40° north.

Japan

[edit]
[edit]

Around the world

[edit]

Starting in Spain at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 40° north passes through:

Coordinates Country, territory or sea Notes
40°0′N 0°0′E / 40.000°N 0.000°E / 40.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian)  Spain Valencian Community
40°0′N 0°2′E / 40.000°N 0.033°E / 40.000; 0.033 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Passing just north of the island of Majorca,  Spain
40°0′N 3°48′E / 40.000°N 3.800°E / 40.000; 3.800 (Spain)  Spain Island of Menorca
40°0′N 4°13′E / 40.000°N 4.217°E / 40.000; 4.217 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea
40°0′N 8°24′E / 40.000°N 8.400°E / 40.000; 8.400 (Italy)  Italy Island of Sardinia
40°0′N 9°42′E / 40.000°N 9.700°E / 40.000; 9.700 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea
40°0′N 15°20′E / 40.000°N 15.333°E / 40.000; 15.333 (Italy)  Italy Campania
40°0′N 15°26′E / 40.000°N 15.433°E / 40.000; 15.433 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Gulf of Policastro
40°0′N 15°41′E / 40.000°N 15.683°E / 40.000; 15.683 (Italy)  Italy Basilicata, Calabria
40°0′N 16°37′E / 40.000°N 16.617°E / 40.000; 16.617 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Gulf of Taranto
40°0′N 18°0′E / 40.000°N 18.000°E / 40.000; 18.000 (Italy)  Italy Apulia
40°0′N 18°25′E / 40.000°N 18.417°E / 40.000; 18.417 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Strait of Otranto
40°0′N 19°53′E / 40.000°N 19.883°E / 40.000; 19.883 (Albania)  Albania Passing just north of Sarandë and just south of Gjirokastër
40°0′N 20°23′E / 40.000°N 20.383°E / 40.000; 20.383 (Greece)  Greece
40°0′N 22°37′E / 40.000°N 22.617°E / 40.000; 22.617 (Aegean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Aegean Sea
40°0′N 23°23′E / 40.000°N 23.383°E / 40.000; 23.383 (Greece)  Greece Kassandra and Sithonia
40°0′N 24°0′E / 40.000°N 24.000°E / 40.000; 24.000 (Aegean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Aegean Sea
40°0′N 25°6′E / 40.000°N 25.100°E / 40.000; 25.100 (Greece)  Greece Island of Lemnos
40°0′N 25°26′E / 40.000°N 25.433°E / 40.000; 25.433 (Aegean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Aegean Sea
40°0′N 26°11′E / 40.000°N 26.183°E / 40.000; 26.183 (Turkey)  Turkey Passing just north of Ankara
40°0′N 44°24′E / 40.000°N 44.400°E / 40.000; 44.400 (Armenia)  Armenia Passing through Verin Artashat and Norashen, Ararat
40°0′N 45°36′E / 40.000°N 45.600°E / 40.000; 45.600 (Azerbaijan)  Azerbaijan Passing through Karabakh and Kur-Araz Lowland
40°0′N 49°27′E / 40.000°N 49.450°E / 40.000; 49.450 (Caspian Sea) Caspian Sea
40°0′N 52°46′E / 40.000°N 52.767°E / 40.000; 52.767 (Turkmenistan)  Turkmenistan
40°0′N 62°26′E / 40.000°N 62.433°E / 40.000; 62.433 (Uzbekistan)  Uzbekistan
40°0′N 68°48′E / 40.000°N 68.800°E / 40.000; 68.800 (Tajikistan)  Tajikistan
40°0′N 69°31′E / 40.000°N 69.517°E / 40.000; 69.517 (Kyrgyzstan)  Kyrgyzstan
40°0′N 70°32′E / 40.000°N 70.533°E / 40.000; 70.533 (Tajikistan)  Tajikistan For about 9 km (5.6 mi)
40°0′N 70°39′E / 40.000°N 70.650°E / 40.000; 70.650 (Kyrgyzstan)  Kyrgyzstan
40°0′N 71°5′E / 40.000°N 71.083°E / 40.000; 71.083 (Uzbekistan)  Uzbekistan Sokh exclave - for about 7 km (4.3 mi)
40°0′N 71°10′E / 40.000°N 71.167°E / 40.000; 71.167 (Kyrgyzstan)  Kyrgyzstan
40°0′N 71°48′E / 40.000°N 71.800°E / 40.000; 71.800 (Uzbekistan)  Uzbekistan Shohimardon exclave - for about 4 km (2.5 mi)
40°0′N 71°50′E / 40.000°N 71.833°E / 40.000; 71.833 (Kyrgyzstan)  Kyrgyzstan
40°0′N 73°58′E / 40.000°N 73.967°E / 40.000; 73.967 (China)  China Xinjiang
Gansu
Inner Mongolia
Shanxi
Hebei
Beijing (passing just north of the city centre)
Hebei
Tianjin
Hebei
Liaoning (for about 8 km (5.0 mi))
40°0′N 119°54′E / 40.000°N 119.900°E / 40.000; 119.900 (Yellow Sea) Pacific Ocean Liaodong Bay, Yellow Sea
40°0′N 121°53′E / 40.000°N 121.883°E / 40.000; 121.883 (China)  China Liaoning (Liaodong Peninsula)
40°0′N 124°21′E / 40.000°N 124.350°E / 40.000; 124.350 (North Korea)  North Korea North Pyeongan Province - Passing through Sinuiju
Jagang Province
South Hamgyeong Province - Passing just north of Hamheung
40°0′N 127°57′E / 40.000°N 127.950°E / 40.000; 127.950 (Sea of Japan) Pacific Ocean Sea of Japan
40°0′N 128°10′E / 40.000°N 128.167°E / 40.000; 128.167 (North Korea)  North Korea Mayang Island
40°0′N 128°13′E / 40.000°N 128.217°E / 40.000; 128.217 (Sea of Japan) Pacific Ocean Sea of Japan
40°0′N 139°54′E / 40.000°N 139.900°E / 40.000; 139.900 (Japan)  Japan Island of Honshū
Akita Prefecture
Iwate Prefecture
40°0′N 141°57′E / 40.000°N 141.950°E / 40.000; 141.950 (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean
40°0′N 124°1′W / 40.000°N 124.017°W / 40.000; -124.017 (United States)  United States California - passing 2.35 km (1.46 mi) south of Shelter Cove
Nevada
Utah
Colorado - passing through Boulder
Nebraska / Kansas border
Missouri
Illinois
Indiana - passing through Hoosier Hill, the state high point
Ohio - passing through Columbus
West Virginia
Pennsylvania - passing through Philadelphia
New Jersey - passing through Toms River
40°0′N 31°7′W / 40.000°N 31.117°W / 40.000; -31.117 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean Passing just north of Corvo Island, Azores,  Portugal
40°0′N 8°55′W / 40.000°N 8.917°W / 40.000; -8.917 (Portugal)  Portugal Passing near Figueira da Foz and Coimbra
40°0′N 6°51′W / 40.000°N 6.850°W / 40.000; -6.850 (Spain)  Spain Extremadura
Castile-La Mancha
Community of Madrid - for about 10 km (6.2 mi)
Castile-La Mancha
Valencian Community - Rincón de Ademuz exclave, for about 4 km (2.5 mi)
Castile-La Mancha - for about 5 km (3.1 mi)
Aragon
Valencian Community

Notable cities and towns on 40°N

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ FEDERACION DE TROPAS Y LEGIONES (5 September 2012). "Revista Oficial Carthagineses y Romanos 2012".
  2. ^ "Containment: The Iraqi no-fly zones". BBC News. 29 December 1998. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  3. ^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". U.S. Naval Observatory. 24 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  4. ^ California (1 January 1886). The Codes and Statutes of California, as Amended and in Force at the Close of the Twenty-sixth Session of the Legislature, 1885: With Notes Containing References to All the Decisions of the Supreme Court Construing Or Illustrating the Sections of the Codes, and to Adjudications of the Courts of Other States Having Like Code Provisions. A. L. Bancroft.
  5. ^ California, Historical Society of Southern; California, Los Angeles County Pioneers of Southern (1 January 1901). The Quarterly.
  6. ^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". U.S. Naval Observatory. 2019-09-24.
  7. ^ See Nadeau, Alice and McGhee, Richard; ‘A simple formula for a planet's mean annual insolation by latitude’; Icarus, volume 291, 15 July 2017, pp. 46-50
  8. ^ Hubbard, Bill (2009). American Boundaries: The Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey. University of Chicago Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-226-35591-7. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  9. ^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". aa.usno.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2011-06-12.
  10. ^ Nash, Gary B. (2008). The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society (Concise 6th ed.). New York: Pearson Longman.
  11. ^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". U.S. Naval Observatory. 2019-09-24. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  12. ^ Hubbard, Bill (2009). American Boundaries: The Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey. University of Chicago Press. pp. 156–157. ISBN 978-0-226-35591-7. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  13. ^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". U.S. Naval Observatory. 2019-09-24. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10.

Further reading

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